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Enid Lyons
Enid Lyons was
the first woman to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives. A popular
politician, she was also the first woman appointed to the federal Cabinet.
Prior to becoming a politician in her own right, she was the wife of the Prime
Minister of Australia, Joseph Lyons. As the wife of the prime minister, she was
involved in several official duties and party campaigning, and is regarded as
the most committed prime ministerial wife in Australian political history. The
mother of 12 children, she managed to fulfill her official responsibilities in
the most efficient way along with managing her huge family. Born as the
daughter of an ambitious woman who harbored great dreams for her daughter, Enid
was sent to good schools and encouraged to pursue a professional education. She
received her training from Teacher's Training College and became a teacher.
Eventually she married Joseph Lyons, a prominent politician who rose to become
the prime minister. Following her husband’s death, she ventured into politics
herself and was able to establish herself as a successful politician. A skilled
speaker, she gave speeches on several topics, many of which were of particular
relevance to women, and also on topics of national relevance. She remained
active even after retiring from politics and served as a commissioner of the
Australian Broadcasting Corporation during her later years.
Childhood & Early Life
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· She was born as
Enid Muriel Burnell in Smithton, Tasmania, on 9 July 1897 as the daughter of
William and Eliza Burnell. She had two sisters. Her mother, an independent
minded and ambitious woman, was an activist in Labor and community groups in
Tasmania.
· Her mother
wanted all her daughters to get a good education and embark on professional
careers. Young Enid inherited her mother’s industriousness and ambitions. After
receiving her primary education from Burnie State School, she went to the
Teacher's Training College and became a professional teacher.
· Enid was also
trained in elocution and blossomed into an eloquent speaker.
Later Years
§ Enid married
early. She was introduced to a man named Joseph Lyons, a rising Tasmanian Labor
politician, while still a teenager. Lyons was much impressed by the bold and
ambitious young woman and proposed marriage to her. The couple wed in 1915 when
Enid was just 17.
§ Her husband’s
political career flourished over the years. Their family also grew at a fast
pace and several children were born to the couple. Enid Lyons proved herself to
be a very hardworking wife and mother, taking care of all the family
responsibilities while her husband focused on his career.
§ In addition to
her familial responsibilities, she also played an active role in her husband’s
career. She was instrumental in the Tasmanian election campaigns in 1922, and
made speeches to women on topics of relevance to them. Joseph Lyons became
premier in 1923.
§ A few years
later, her husband moved to the House of Representatives in 1929, and she began
taking more interest in his political career and thoroughly supported his
ambitions.
§ With her
support he broke away from the Australian Labor Party in 1931 and became
involved with the United Australia Party. Joseph reached the peak of his career
in 1932 when he became the Prime Minister of Australia.
§ As the wife of
the prime minister, her political responsibilities increased manifold. Already
the mother of 11 children, she gave birth to her 12th and last child in 1933.
Managing the huge family along with her political duties took a toll on her
health yet she continued to work as hard as ever. She travelled a lot,
attending meetings and making speeches, along with managing her home and the
children’s education.
§ Joseph Lyons
died in 1939, leaving Enid devastated. She plunged into a depression though she
managed to recover fully with the support of her children. Encouraged by her
family to enter politics herself, she stood for the House of Representatives.
§ In August 1943,
Enid Lyons was elected member for the Tasmanian seat of Darwin, becoming the
first female member of the House of Representatives. Her maiden speech, in
which she talked about social security, the declining birth rate, housing, the
family, and the importance of looking ahead to postwar policies, was a big
success.
§ Blessed with
great oratory skills, she became a popular politician by voicing her opinions
on several topics, many of which like baby foods, child endowment, maternity
services, service women’s pay, and widows’ pensions were of particular
relevance to women. She also spoke well on topics of national importance like
atomic energy, finance, population, and industry.
§ She was easily
re-elected in 1946 and 1949. She was appointed Vice-President of the Executive
Council in the Menzies government in 1949. She suffered from various ailments
during this time because of which she retired from politics in 1951.
§ Her health
improved following her retirement and she became a newspaper columnist in 1951.
She also served as the commissioner of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation
from 1951 to 1962.
Major Works
§ A highly
industrious and ambitious woman, Enid Lyons is best remembered for becoming the
first woman to be elected to the Australian House of Representatives when she
won the Division of Darwin in north-western Tasmania for the UAP at the 1943
election.
Awards & Achievements
§ She was made a
Dame of the Order of Australia (AD) on Australia Day 1980.
Personal Life & Legacy
§ She married
Joseph Lyons, an upcoming politician, in April 1915. She was 17 and Joseph 35
at the time of their marriage. They had 12 children, of who one died of an
illness in infancy. She was a devoted wife and dedicated mother in addition to
her hectic political responsibilities.
§ During her
later years she suffered from a slew of health problems like cancer and a
thyroid issue. She remained active throughout her life despite her ill health
and died on 2 September 1981, at the age of 84.
Guruji. A. Sivaguru Swamy
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